ieih.com
IEI Home = Institution of Engineers (India);
The Institution of Engineers (India) (IEI) was established by Sir Thomas
Holland and others in Madras (which is now called Chennai) in 1920. In 1935, it
obtained the Royal Charter from King George V to promote and advance the art,
science and practice of engineering and technology in India.
Engineer India
IEI Home = Institution of Engineers of Ireland;
The Institution of Engineers of Ireland (Irish: Cumann na nInnealtóirí) or
the IEI, is the second oldest engineering society in the British Isles
established in 1835 and currently representing over 21,000 members, primarily in
Ireland, the institution accepted its current legal name in 1969 by an Act of
the Oireachtas. Membership of the institution is open to individuals based on
academic and professional background and is separated into grades in accordance
with criteria, including the Chartered Engineer and European Engineer titles.
Engineers of Ireland
IEI Home = Individual Employment Income;
IEI Home = In socionics, an Intuitive-Ethical Introvert.
INFP (Introverted iNtuitive Feeling Perceiving) is an acronym utilized to
refer to one of sixteen personality type. These preferences are based on the
work of prominent psychologist, Carl G. Jung. In his book Psychological Types,
Carl Jung proposed a psychological typology based on his theories of archetypes.
From his work, others developed psychological typologies. Well known
developers of personality type preferences and Personality tests are the
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), developed by Isabel Briggs Myers, the
Keirsey Temperament Sorter, developed by David Keirsey, and Socionics founded
mainly by the Lithuanian researcher Aušra Augustinavičiūtė.
According to the Keirsey Temperament Sorter, INFPs belong to the temperament
of the idealists and are called Healers.
In Socionics INFps belong to the club of the Humanitarians, the beta Quadra
and are named "Lyricist", Bradbury or Yesenin. Another notation for INFp is IEI
(which is an acronym for Intuitive-Ethical Intratim, referring to the cognitive
functions).
An engineer is a person who is professionally engaged in a field of engineering.
Engineers are concerned with developing economical and safe solutions to
practical problems, by applying mathematics and scientific knowledge while
considering technical constraints. As such, the work of engineers is the link
between perceived needs of society and commercial applications. Some consider
this profession to be the link between art and science.
Role in society
In addition to design and research and development, many engineers work in
testing, production, or maintenance. These engineers supervise production in
factories, determine the causes of component failure, and test manufactured
products to maintain quality. They also estimate the time and cost to complete
projects. Some move into engineering management or into sales. In sales, an
engineering background enables them to discuss technical aspects and assist in
product planning, installation, and use. Supervisory engineers are responsible
for major components or entire projects.
Engineers use computers extensively, for the production and analysis of designs,
the simulation and testing of the operation of a machine, structure, or system,
and the generation of part specifications. Many engineers also use computers to
monitor product quality and control process efficiency.
Regulation
In some countries of Continental Europe and Latin America the title is limited
by law to people with an engineering degree, and the use of the title by others
(even persons with much more work experience) is illegal. In Italy the title is
limited to people who, besides holding an engineering degree, have passed a
professional abilitation exam (Esame di Stato). In Portugal, professional
engineer titles and accredited engineering degrees are regulated and certified
by the Ordem dos Engenheiros. In the Czech Republic the title "engineer" (Ing.)
is given to people with a (master) degree in chemistry, technology or even
economics (the last one is due to the historical reasons and tradition).
Laws exist in all U.S. states, Canada and in South Africa which limit the use of
several engineer titles, particularly the title of "Professional Engineer," and
often also titles indicating a specific, regulated branch of engineering, such
as "civil engineer" or "mechanical engineer." Most U.S. states prohibit
unlicensed persons from calling themselves an "engineer" or indicating branches
or specialities not covered by the licensing acts. The IEEE's formal position on
this is as follows:
"The title, Engineer, and its derivatives should be reserved for those
individuals whose education and experience qualify them to practice in a manner
that protects public safety. Strict use of the title serves the interest of both
the IEEE-USA and the public by providing a recognized designation by which those
qualified to practice engineering may be identified. The education and
experience needed for the title, Engineer, is evidenced by
* Graduation with an Engineering degree from an ABET/EAC accredited program of
engineering (or equivalent*), coupled with sufficient experience in the field in
which the term, Engineer, is used; and/or
* Licensure by any jurisdiction as a Professional Engineer.
* A degree from a foreign institution (or the total education when a person
holds a graduate degree in engineering but no accredited B.S. in engineering)
can be evaluated through a service offered by ABET."
Despite these laws, many individuals with no formal education in engineering are
still often called engineers in industry because of a long work history of
engineering work. The legal situation regarding the title of "engineer" in
Canada is unsettled. (See Professional Engineer for more details).
In the United Kingdom, the title of "engineer" is unregulated and is
increasingly used to describe trades such as electricians, motor mechanics, gas
fitters etc in addition to those engaged in professional engineering.
The word "technologist" is sometimes used synonymously as it derives from the
prefix techno- and the suffix -ologist, hence, someone who studies technology.
This applies particularly to those European countries with laws regulating the
use of the title "engineer." A Technologist supports professional engineers in N
America. Technologists can become professional engineers with further academic
study - usually 2-3 years of an engineering degree. Regulation of the
Technologist title is covered by the Sydney Accord. A UK Incorporated Engineer
is equivalent to a Technologist as defined by the Sydney Accord. The I.Eng
qualification is administered by the Engineering Council of the United Kingdom.
Education and training
People who work as engineers typically have an academic degree (or equivalent
work experience) in one of the engineering disciplines.
Engineering education in the USA
In the United States engineering degrees range from a Bachelor's degree in
sciences or engineering (4 years), to a Master's in sciences or engineering
(adding 1 or 2 years depending on the university), to a Doctor of Engineering
which entails completing original research. Bachelor's and Master's degrees are
generally recognized as sufficient qualification in the American labor market.
Doctors often go on to teach in engineering schools.
Many American engineering degrees are respected worldwide, from institutions
such as U.C. Berkeley, Drexel University, Columbia, Cornell, Illinois, Kansas
State, Maryland, Michigan, Ohio State, Penn State, Southern California,
Stanford, UCLA, Virginia Tech, Wisconsin, and U.C. San Diego which have sizable
engineering schools. Institutes of technology, such as the Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, Colorado School of Mines, Caltech, Georgia Tech,
Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Purdue University, and Rensselaer Polytechnic
Institute specialize in engineering education.
As US universities are generally private, the education practices at each differ
greatly. Certain schools, such as Columbia University, have a core course
program that requires many non-engineering related classes. American engineers
are generally more specialized into a certain realm of engineering, such as
Civil Engineer or Electrical Engineer, than their European counterparts. The
generalist degree does not exist. The respectability and status of a degree
depends largely on the institution that conferred the degree.
In Canada
In Canada, there are 40 institutions offering 239 engineering accredited
programs delivering a Bachelor's degree after a term of 4 years. Many schools
also offer graduate level degrees in the applied sciences. "Accredited" means
that the engineers having successfully followed one of these programs have the
possibility to obtain their licences. This a specificity of the Canadian system
as the engineers need a licence to engage in the profession. Among the 40
institutions a number are renowned worldwide : University of Waterloo, McGill
University, University of Toronto, Dalhousie University, University of Calgary,
McMaster University and Royal Military College of Canada just to name a few.
Graduateshotline ranks the top engineering schools in Canada. However, every
university offering engineering degrees in Canada needs to be accredited by the
CEAB (Canadian Engineering Accreditation Board), thus ensuring high standards
are enforced at all universities.
The engineering faculties at most Canadian universities tend to attract a wide
range of students from Canada.
The procedure to obtain the licence is as follows:
* Be a Canadian citizen, a permanent resident or on a valid workpermit / visa.
* Have a Bachelor's degree from an accredited Canadian institution or from a
recognized foreign university or other higher institution. The Bachelor's degree
delivered in Europe is not adequate since it is only a 3 year term. Thus for
European engineers wishing to obtain a licence in Canada, it is better for them
to consider they need a complete course including the Master's degree (2
additional years so making 5 years in total). The engineer's degree obtained
from universities in Europe after completing 4 years of studies is valid.
* Must work at least 12 months in a Canadian company (supervised by a licenced
senior engineer). The term varies between provinces and can be as long as four
years.
* Be of good reputation.
* Be fluent in English (French in Quebec, English or French in New Brunswick)
The engineer's licence is only valid in the province of delivery. There are
however agreements between the associations to ease mobility.
Public Notice: All engineers in Canada offering engineering services to the
public are required to be licenced by law. Those who are not licenced must work
under the supervision of the licenced engineers. Here are a few cases which show
why the word engineer is reserved for licenced practitioners only. For detail,
follow these links http://www.peo.on.ca/enforcement/EnforcementNotice.htm and
http://www.peo.on.ca/enforcement/2003%20_PEO_Enforcement_%20Brochure.pdf Calling
yourself an engineer when you are not licenced is a very dangerous thing to do.
It may cause you a lot of trouble. So, know your rights and beware.
Engineers education in Europe
See also European Society for Engineering Education
Finland
Finland's system is derived from Germany's system. Two kinds of schools are
recognized, the universities and the AMKs (literally, "vocational colleges").
Traditionally, universities award only five-, to six-year Master's level degrees
called diplomi-insin??ri ("engineer with university diploma"). The degrees are
awarded by engineering faculties in universities (in Oulu and Vaasa) or by
separate universities of technology (in TKK, Tampere, Lappeenranta). The degree
is a scientific, theoretical taught Master's degree. It qualifies for further
study into Licentiate or Doctorate. Because of the Bologna process, the degree
tekniikan kandidaatti ("Bachelor of Technology"), corresponding to three years
of study into the DI degree, has been introduced.
The AMK's are municipally administered schools that traditionally award 3.5-, to
4.5-year vocational degrees called insin??ri (amk). The aim of the degree is
professional competency with less emphasis on scientific study. Although they
may be called "Bachelor's degrees" in English, Finnish universities do not
recognize them as equal to tekniikan kandidaatti but require approximately one
year of additional study. Recently, AMK's have also began awarding a higher AMK
degrees, designed for AMK-engineers already involved in the working life (at
least two years of professional experience). AMK's do not award Licentiates or
Doctorates.
France
In France, the engineering degree is delivered by "Grandes écoles d'Ingénieurs"
upon completion of 3 years of Master'studies. The écoles typically recruit
undergraduate students from CPGE (2 or 3 years after the baccalaureate), even
though some of them include an integrated undergraduate cycle. Hence graduate
engineers in France have studied a total of 5 years after the baccalaureate. To
be able to deliver the Master of engineering degree , an école Master 's
curriculum has to be validated by the Commission des Titres d'Ingénieurs
(Commission of the Engineering Title). It is important for the external observer
to note that the system in France is extremely demanding in its entrance
requirements (numerus clausus), and much more elitist than various other
systems. In fact, being a graduate engineer in France is considered as being
near/at the top of the social ladder, above all when you're graduate from école
Polytechnique, école Centrale Paris, école nationale supérieure des mines de
Paris or école nationale supérieure des télécommunications.
Germany
In Germany, the engineering degree is either delivered by Universities,
Technical Universities or Fachhochschulen, a kind of university possibly best
described as three-year colleges as opposed to full universities. Students
receive first a baccalaureate degree (3 years of studies) followed by a Master's
degree (2 years of studies) according to the principles of the Bologna
declaration. The quality of German engineering expertise has long been much
vaunted, especially in the field of Aerospace engineering. This is supported by
the degree to which the various theories governing aerodynamics and structural
mechanics are named after German scientists and engineers such as Leonhard Euler
and Ludwig Prandtl.
The Netherlands
In the Netherlands there have always been two paths to study engineering. The
HTS or higher vocational technical schools awarded a practically orientated
degree and the title ing. after four years study. The university's offered a
more academically oriented degree and the title Ir. after five years study.
This changed in 2002 when the Netherlands switched to the Bachelor-Master
system. This is a consequence of the Bologna process. In this accord 29 European
countries agreed to harmonize their higher education system and create a
European higher education area.
In this system the higher vocational technical schools award a bachelor degree
and the title BEng after four years study. The university's with engineering
programs award a bachelors degree and the title BSc after the third year. A
university bachelor is expected to continue his education for one or two more
years to earn his masters degree and the title MSc. A vocational bachelor may be
admitted to a university master degree program although often they are required
to take additional courses. The higher vocational technical schools have started
to develop master degree programs specifically for their students. This slightly
awkward situation is expected to disappear thanks to the European harmonization
process.
Turkey
In Turkey, engineering degrees range from a Bachelor's Degree in engineering
(for a 4 year period), to a Master's Degree (adding 2 years), and to a Doctoral
Degree (usually 4 - 5 years).
Union of Chambers of Turkish Engineers and Architects (UCTEA) was established in
1954 and separates engineers and architects to professional branches, with the
condition of being within the framework of laws and regulations and in
accordance with the present conditions, requirements and possibilities and to
also establishes new Chambers for the group of engineers and architects, whose
professional or working areas are similar or the same.
UCTEA is maintaining its activities with its 23 Chambers, 194 branches of its
Chambers and 39 Provincial Coordination Councils. Approximately, graduates of 70
related academic disciplines in engineering, architecture and city planning are
members of the Chambers of UCTEA.
MEMBER CHAMBERS OF UCTEA
Chamber of Agricultural Engineers Chamber of Architects Chamber of Chemical
Engineers Chamber of City Planners Chamber of Civil Engineers Chamber of
Electrical Engineers Chamber of Environmental Engineers Chamber of Food
Engineers Chamber of Forestry Engineers Chamber of Geophysical Engineers Chamber
of Geological Engineers Chamber of Interior Architects Chamber of Landscape
Architects Chamber of Marine Engineers Chamber of Mechanical Engineers Chamber
of Metallurgical Engineers Chamber of Meteorological Engineers Chamber of Mining
Engineers Chamber of Naval Arch's and Marine Eng's Chamber of Petroleum
Engineers Chamber of Physics Engineers Chamber of Surveying Engineers Chamber of
Textile Engineers
United Kingdom
In the UK, like in United States and Canada, the engineers are trained in
universities some of which are renowned worldwide (Cambridge, Oxford, Imperial
College, Southampton). Many engineering courses are assessed and approved by the
Professional Institutions reflecting the subject covered; IMechE, IET, ICE,
IStructE etc. The degree then counts in part to obtaining Chartered engineer
Status after a period of practising, professional review and further exams to
then become a Member of the relevant professional body.
In Britain, Engineers can study for a 4 year period on an Undergraduate Masters
and obtain an MEng, this is not a 3 year undergraduate degree with an additional
year, but a program that is designed from the outset to be 4 years. Some
universities allow a student to opt out after 3 years and receive a bachelor's
degree, whilst some universities award both a bachelor's and a master's degree
at the end of the 4 years. Many courses include a year in industry, which is
usually between the second and third years of an undergraduate degree course.
Alternatively students can receive first a baccalaureate degree (3 years of
studies) followed by a 1 year Master's degree.
Engineering education in India
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Please do not remove this message until the dispute is resolved.
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Engineers of India are among the most recognized in the world specifically
Software Engineers & Mechanical Engineers. India have many Engineering
colleges,most widely recognised of which,are the IITs. The Indian Institute of
Technology have, at present, which are listed below.
The seven IITs are located in Kharagpur, Bombay, Madras, Kanpur, Delhi, Guwahati,
and Roorkee. Also included in this list is IT-BHU.
With the plan to set up eight more IITs in the states of Rajasthan, Bihar,
Andhra Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Orissa, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat and Punjab,
and the conversion of IT-BHU to an IIT, the total number of IITs will be
increased to 16. Six of the eight proposed new IITs, namely, Rajasthan, Bihar (Patna),
Andhra Pradesh (Hyderabad), Orissa (Bhubaneshwar), Gujarat (Gandhinagar) and
Punjab, are functional as of June 2008 and admitting students for the 2008-'09
academic year. All IITs are autonomous universities that draft their own
curricula, and they are, with the exception of IIT Kanpur, members of LAOTSE, an
international network of universities in Europe and Asia. LAOTSE membership
allows the IITs to exchange students and senior scholars with universities in
other countries. Admission to undergraduate B.Tech and integrated M.Tech
programs are through IIT-JEE (the Joint Entrance Examination) in which around
300,000 students appear annually out of which only 5,500 get selected. Admission
to most postgraduate courses in IITs is granted through various written entrance
examinations: GATE (for M.Tech.), JAM (for M.Sc.) and CEED (for M.Des.). The
admission for Ph.D. program is based primarily on a personal interview, though
candidates may also have to appear for written tests. The IITs are also well
known for their special reservation policy, which is significantly different
from the one applied in other educational institutions of India. For details of
colleges in India see: Indian Institutes of Technology and Engineering colleges
of India
Other meanings
Operating and maintaining equipment
The term 'engineer' is also often used to describe a technician or a person that
mends and operates machinery or engines. In that use, it usually does not refer
to a person with an academic engineering degree or an engineering license. For
example, in the United States a railroad engineer denotes the operator of a
locomotive, a ship's engineer denotes the operator of the steam engine on a
steamship, a broadcast engineer maintains broadcast facility operations, and a
stationary engineer is normally responsible for a boiler plant and/or stationary
steam engine. The term "field engineer" or "customer engineer" is often used to
describe manufacturers' (or third party) supplied installers and/or maintainers
of (complex) equipment at a user's site.
In firefighting, the term "engineer" refers to a firefighter whose assignment is
to drive the fire apparatus and, if it has an on board water supply, to remain
with the engine and operate the pumps so that the firefighters using the hoses
have sufficient water to extinguish the fire.
Non-academic professional certification
The term "engineer" may also be used to describe holders of some forms of
professional certification other than university degrees, such as (but not
limited to) Microsoft Certified Systems Engineer, Certified Novell Engineer, Red
Hat Certified Engineer and so on.
In Canada, the usage of the term "engineer" to describe holders of professional
certification is not legally permitted. The Canadian Council of Professional
Engineers mounted an extended campaign to get Microsoft to renounce use of the
word "engineer" in the title of their certification. A 2001 reader survey by
Microsoft Certified Professional magazine found that over half of respondents
supported changing the name of the MCSE to remove the word "engineer".
Military engineers
An army military engineer is a member of any branch of the armed forces
responsible for the design and construction and also the destruction of
offensive, defensive and logistical structures for warfare. This term is used in
military units throughout the world and has been used since ancient times,
extended in modern terms to include the laying and disarming of minefields and
booby traps.
The Engineering Officer in larger ships, and the senior engineering sailor
(typically a Chief Petty Officer) is called the Chief Engineer. In smaller ships
without an Engineering Officer the Chief Engineer runs the engineering
department. To facilitate brevity of communication in an operational shipboard
environment, the Chief Engineer on United States Navy vessels is colloquially
referred to and addressed as "The CHENG", or simply "CHENG".
In the British Merchant Navy, the Chief Engineer is a rank equivalent to the
Senior Engineering Officer on a US ship.
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With the rising popularity of
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